Temporal trend and contributing factors of depressive symptoms in Chinese menopausal women: analysis based on CHARLS panel data / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To understand the temporal trend of and the factors affecting depressive symptoms in Chinese menopausal women to provide evidence for the development of prevention and treatment strategies.@*METHODS@#CHARLS data were used to select menopausal women aged 45-60 years. Complete values of the key variables were screened and missing values were removed to obtain the cross-sectional data of the years 2011 (n=4318), 2013 (n=4200), 2015 (n=3930), and 2018 (n= 4147). The panel data were matched by the cross-sectional data, and a total of 5040 cases with complete record of the follow-up data were obtained for the 4 years to constitute a balanced short panel dataset with n=1260 and T=4. The prevalence and temporal trend of depressive symptoms in the menopausal women were analyzed based on the panel data. The random-effects Logit model with a panel dichotomous choice model was used to explore the factors affecting depressive symptoms in the menopausal women.@*RESULTS@#The prevalence of depressive symptoms in the menopausal women calculated based on the panel data was 35.9%, 33.1%, 36.7% and 43.7% in the 4 years, respectively, showing no statistically significant changes in the temporal trend (APC=3.25%, P=0.183). The results of the random-effects Logit model analysis showed that living in the urban area (OR=0.570, 95%CI: 0.457-0.710), a high education level (OR=0.759, 95%CI: 0.655-0.879), and having a spouse (OR=0.363, 95% CI: 0.236-0.558) were associated with a decreased incidence of depressive symptoms, while poor self-reported health (OR= 2.704, 95% CI: 2.152-3.396), disability (OR=1.457, 95%CI: 1.087-1.954), chronic disease (OR=1.407, 95% CI: 1.179-1.680), falls in the last two years (OR=2.028, 95% CI: 1.613-2.550), abnormal sleep duration (OR=2.249, 95% CI: 1.896-2.664), and dissatisfaction with life (OR=4.803, 95% CI: 3.757-6.140) were associated with an increased incidence of depressive symptoms.@*CONCLUSION@#The prevalence of depressive symptoms is relatively high in menopausal women in China. Measures should be taken to ensure that the menopausal women living in rural areas, with low education level, without spouse, with a poor self-reported health status, disability, chronic diseases, falls in recent two years, abnormal sleep time and dissatisfaction with life have access to psychological health care services and interventions.

Perceptions of menopause among rural women of Lahore

The present study was undertaken to document the perceptions of Pakistani women regarding menopause. Design: Cross-sectional descriptive study. Place and Duration of Study:. The study was conducted in the suburb of Lahore from 1st July 2000 to 31st August 2000. Subjects and The data were collected from a rural population of 28,419 individuals living in 20 villages outside Lahore. A systematic random sample of 130 women was drawn from those 1337 women, who had reached natural menopause. In-depth interviews were conducted in local dialect. The age of the population ranged from 42 to 80 years with a mean of 59.8'7.4 years. The mean age at menopause was 49.0'3.6 years. Majority of the women [82.3%] considered menopause as a positive change. According to 71.6% women, their relationship with the family had either improved or there was no change. There was an increase in libido among 70.5% women, decrease in libido among 5.7% and no change among 23.8% women. However, 16.9% women reported dyspareunia. Seven% of the women suffered a fracture after menopause. None of the study subjects reported postmenopausal bleeding. Three women [2.3%] had cardiac ailments. The proportion of women showing a positive attitude towards menopause was significantly higher [p<0.005] among our study subjects as compared to those from India, Thailand, USA and Australia. The majority of study subjects did not consider menopause as a negative milestone, loss of time, a partial death or a disease as seen in many western populations. On the contrary menopause is regarded as a natural phase in a woman's reproductive life

Sintomas depressivos em mulheres no climatério / Depressive symptoms, in climateric women

De acordo com a hipótese neuro-hormonal, podem ocorrer distúrbio na atividade neurotransmissora cerebral durante o climatério em virtude de redução nas concentrações circulantes de estrógenos, o que poderia levar a sintomas depressivos. Em contraposição, a hipótese do"efeito dominó" propõe que os sintomas depressivos que ocorrem nesse período são secundários aos sintomas vasomotores, e não estão diretamente ligados à privação de estrógenos. O objetivo do presente trabalho é verificar se existe correlação dos mesmos com níveis plasmáticos de hormônio sexuais, bem como, correlação entre sintomatologia depressiva e vasomotora. Foram realizados anamnese e exame físico, dosagem das concentrações séricas de esteróides sexuais e aplicação de escalas de mensuração de sintomas somáticos e de sintomas depressivos em quarenta e duas pacientes entre 46 e 60 anos. Os resultados demonstraram percentual significativo em termos de frequência de sintomas depressivos, observando-se correlação estatística entre os escores da escala de depressão e a intensidade dos sintomas vasomotores(p<0.5). Não se correlacionaram, entretanto, sintomas. Concluímos que os dados obtidos nessa observação seccional estão em concordância com a "teoria dominó"dos sintomas vasomotores